Pre-colonial era

Pre-colonial era 

The early history 

   The scholars of India has written a book about Dwipantara or Dwipa Javanese Hindu kingdom in Java and Sumatra or Swarna dwipa around 200 BC. Initial physical evidence of the existence of the two kingdoms mentioned character of Hinduism in the 5th century, namely: United Tarumanagara the master and the Kingdom of the West Java coast Mahakam River in Kutai, Kalimantan. In Buddhism 425 has reached the region. 
   At a time when Europe entered the Renaissance (rebirth of Greco-Roman culture in Europe in the 15th century until the 16th century AD), the archipelago has had a legacy of thousands of years old civilizations with two major kingdoms that Srivijaya in Sumatra and Majapahit in Java, coupled with dozens of small kingdoms which often become more powerful neighbor vazal or are linked in some sort of bond trading (such as in Maluku).

Hindu-Buddhist kingdom 

   In the 4th century until the 7th century in the region of West Java are patterned Hindu-Buddhist kingdom that kingdom Tarumanagara followed by Sundanese kingdom until the 16th century. During the 7th century until the 14th century, the Buddhist kingdom of Srivijaya in Sumatra growing rapidly. Explorers Chinese I Ching visited the capital of Palembang around the year 670. At their peak, Srivijaya controlled the area as far as West Java and the Malay Peninsula. 14th century also witnessed the rise of a Hindu kingdom in East Java, Majapahit. Patih Majapahit between years 1331 to 1364, Gajah Mada managed to gain power over the territory which is now mostly Indonesia and almost all the Malay Peninsula. The legacy of the Gajah Mada, including the codification of the law and in the Javanese culture, as seen in wiracaritaRamayana.

Islamic kingdom

   Islam as a government presence in Indonesia around the 12th century , but in fact Islam had entered Indonesia in the 7th century AD . There were already busy shipping lane and is international through the waterway linking the Tang Dynasty in China , Srivijaya in Southeast Asia and the Umayyads in western Asia since the 7th century .
According to Chinese sources by the end of the third intersection 7th century , Arab traders became a leader of the Arab Muslim settlement on the coast of Sumatra . Islam also gives effect to the existing political institutions . This is apparent in the year 100 AH ( 718 AD ) King of Srivijaya named Jambi Srindravarman send a letter to the Caliph Umar bin Abdul Aziz of the Umayyad Caliphate and asked for a preacher who can explain Islam to him . The letter reads : " From the King of Kings who is the descendant of a thousand kings , whose wife is also grandson of a thousand kings , who in the animal cages are a thousand elephants , which in its territory there are two rivers that irrigate the aloes tree , spices fragrance , nutmeg and lime lines that fragrant scent to reach a distance of 12 miles , to the King of Saudi who does not associate other gods with Allah . I have sent you a gift , which is actually a gift that is not so much , but just a sign of friendship . I want you to send me someone who can teach Islam to me and explained to me about the laws . " Two years later, in 720 AD , King Srindravarman , which was originally a Hindu , converted to Islam . Jambi Sriwijaya also known as the ' Sribuza Islam ' . Unfortunately, in the year 730 AD Jambi Sriwijaya Sriwijaya Palembang captured by the still adhered to Buddhism .

   Islam continues to be a political institution mengokoh carry Islam . For example , an Islamic sultanate called Peureulak Sultanate was established on 1 Muharram 225 Hijri or 12 November 839 AD . Another example is the kingdom of Ternate . Islam entered the kingdom in the Maluku islands in 1440 . Muslim king named Bayanullah .
Islamic Sultanate then progressively spread its teachings to the population and through assimilation , replacing the Hindu as the main thrust in the late 16th century in Java and Sumatra . Only Bali retained a Hindu majority . On the islands in the east , clergy - Christian and Islamic clergy known to have been active in the 16th century and 17 , and currently there is a large majority of both religions on these islands .

   The spread of Islam is done through trading links outside of the archipelago ; case, because of the spreading propaganda or envoys of Islamic government which came from outside Indonesia, to support themselves and their families , the preacher 's work by way of trade , the preachers even this spread Islam to the merchants of the natives , until the merchants are embracing Islam and also transmit to the rest of the population , as most traders and experts first kingdom to adopt the new religion . Important Islamic kingdoms including : the kingdom of Pasai Ocean , the Sultanate of Banten which have diplomatic relations with European countries , the Mataram kingdom , the Kingdom of Iha , Sultanate Sultanate of Ternate and Tidore in the Moluccas .

Prehistory

 

Replica of Java man skull was first discovered in Sangiran

   Geologically , the territory of modern Indonesia ( for easier, hereinafter referred to as the Archipelago ) is a meeting between the three main continental plates the Eurasian Plate , Indo-Australian Plate and the Pacific Plate .Indonesian islands such as the present moment is formed during the melting of the ice after the end of the Ice Age, which is around ten thousand years ago .During the Pleistocene , when the archipelago was still connected to the Asian mainland , then enter the first settlers . The first evidence that indicates the earliest inhabitants were the fossils of Homo erectus of Java man until the past two million five hundred thousand years ago . The discovery of the remains " Flores man " or Homo floresiensis was called in Liang Bua , Flores , propping open the possibility of Homo . Homo until the final days of the Ice Age .Homo sapiens first entered the archipelago since the estimated one hundred thousand years ago over the course of the Asian shore of the path of West Asia , and in about sixty thousand to seventy thousand years ago had reached New Guinea and Australia . Those , who berfenotipe dark skin and curly hair tightly , becoming the ancestors of indigenous people of Melanesia ( including Papua therein ) now and bring culture hatchet shaped or so-called Paleolithic . Waves of Austronesian -speaking immigrants to the Neolithic cultures come in waves since three thousand years BC from southern China through Formosa and the Philippines to bring the culture of Dong Son culture which is square pickaxe . The migration process is part of the occupation of the Pacific . The arrival of the wave , characterized by a Mongoloid population tends toward the west , and urged residents to the east or the beginning of mating mix with the locals who made ​​the physical characteristics of Maluku and Nusa Tenggara residents . These immigrants brought positive ie farming techniques , including planting rice in paddy fields into evidence slowest since the 8th century BC , then raising buffalo , bronze and iron processing , weaving techniques , megalithic practices , and worship spirits or commonly called animism as well as sacred objects called dynamism . In the first century BC already formed settlements and small kingdoms , and so may have entered the effects of trust - kepercayang of India due to trade relations .

History of Indonesia

Indonesian history includes a very long span of time , starting from prehistoric times after the discovery of his " Java Man " is older than a million years ago .Indonesian historical period covers five eras, namely :

1. Pre-colonial era , the emergence of the kingdoms of the Hindu , Buddhist and Islam in Java and Sumatra , they rely on trade as a way to spread the religion .  
2. Colonial era , namely the influx of people from Europe , especially from the Netherlands , they came to Indonesia just want to have spices in Indonesia is very high quality , so there oeh Dutch colonial conducted for approximately 3.5 centuries , beginning from the early 17th century to the mid 20th century  
3. Early Independence era , ie after the proclamation of Indonesian independence in 1945 until the fall of Sukarno in 1966  
4. New Order era , the reign of President Suharto for 32 years from 1966 to 1998  
5. Reformation era , the era that began after the New Order era to the present .

Indonesian History

• History of ancient Indonesian
• History of Indonesia's independence
• etc